Climate
Agro-ecological zones
On the basis of rainfall, physiography, soils, floods etc., 5 agro-ecological situations (AES) were identified with an aim to study and analyze the problem, prospects and the needs of the farmers under ATMA. The AES-IV is having the highest area visually 156682 ha (52%) followed by AES-II with 63275 ha (21%), AES-I with 61769 ha (20.5%), AES-III with 10546 ha (3.5 %) and AES-V with 9039 ha (3.0).
Table 2: Block-wise coverage under each AES
Name of AES
|
Area of AES |
Name of blocks
fall in the AES |
Area of Blocks |
Selected represented village of AES |
ha |
% |
ha |
% |
Foothill (AES-I) |
61769 |
20.5 |
Dhemaji |
3397.30 |
5.50 |
Jamming |
Bordoloni |
14206.87 |
23.00 |
Sissiborgaon |
19148.39 |
31.00 |
MSTD, Jonai |
25016.44 |
40.50 |
Low and Flood affected (AES-II) |
63275 |
21.0 |
Dhemaji |
12338.63 |
19.50 |
Kuwaphala Betoni |
Bordoloni |
9491.25 |
15.00 |
Sissiborgaon |
23411.75 |
37.00 |
Machkhowa |
7276.62 |
11.50 |
MSTD, Jonai |
10756.75 |
17.00 |
Sand deposited area (Coarse) (AES-III) |
10546 |
3.5 |
Dhemaji |
3163.8 |
30.00 |
Garmara Rahdhala |
Bordoloni |
316.38 |
3.00 |
Sissiborgaon |
5483.92 |
52.00 |
Machkhowa |
158.19 |
1.50 |
MSTD, Jonai |
1423.71 |
13.50 |
Medium land (AES-IV) |
156682 |
52.0 |
Dhemaji |
19166.77 |
12.23 |
Maicha Chapori |
Bordoloni |
22169.20 |
14.15 |
Sissiborgaon |
42031.74 |
26.83 |
Machkhowa |
8656.19 |
5.52 |
MSTD, Jonai |
64658.10 |
41.27 |
Sand deposited area (Fine silt) (AES-V) |
9039 |
3.0 |
Dhemaji |
2882.50 |
31.89 |
Goroimari |
Bordoloni |
1244.30 |
13.77 |
Sissiborgaon |
3225.20 |
35.68 |
Machkhowa |
361.00 |
3.99 |
MSTD, Jonai |
1326.00 |
14.67 |

Information on rainfall pattern
The district receives a good amount of rainfall throughout the year, with maximum down pour during May to August and minimum during November to February. The number of maximum and minimum rainy days also follows similar trend. This data indicates prevalence of moisture stress condition during the major part of the year and thereby the farmers are practicing their tested traditional practices due to fear of failure.
Table 3: Information on rainfall pattern of the district
Month |
Rainfall (in mm) and days (in no) |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
Rainfall |
days |
Rainfall |
days |
Rainfall |
days |
Rainfall |
days |
Rainfall |
days |
January |
12.30 |
2 |
27.15 |
9 |
9.04 |
2 |
39.00 |
6 |
77.00 |
8 |
February |
72.05 |
7 |
23.10 |
4 |
54.33 |
11 |
24.04 |
4 |
160.00 |
11 |
March |
34.13 |
7 |
53.20 |
11 |
79.58 |
13 |
169.00 |
15 |
262.00 |
19 |
April |
147.25 |
18 |
355.31 |
19 |
162.24 |
15 |
228.00 |
16 |
289.00 |
17 |
May |
195.26 |
12 |
22.64 |
12 |
270.46 |
22 |
1320.00 |
26 |
492.00 |
22 |
June |
562.38 |
24 |
291.38 |
23 |
560.47 |
23 |
567.00 |
26 |
892.70 |
21 |
July |
471.40 |
19 |
744.26 |
26 |
996.49 |
26 |
878.09 |
29 |
708.84 |
22 |
August |
598.33 |
20 |
584.05 |
18 |
409.12 |
29 |
946.00 |
24 |
459.67 |
29 |
September |
564.31 |
20 |
270.27 |
13 |
456.12 |
25 |
606.00 |
18 |
162.96 |
12 |
October |
218.20 |
11 |
99.04 |
5 |
331.00 |
15 |
534.00 |
10 |
80.20 |
10 |
November |
26.06 |
4 |
63.03 |
4 |
13.00 |
2 |
- |
- |
45.70 |
4 |
December |
10.06 |
2 |
- |
- |
7.00 |
1 |
68.00 |
3 |
- |
- |
Total |
2911.73 |
146 |
2533.43 |
144 |
3348.85 |
184 |
5379.13 |
177 |
3630.07 |
175 |
|
Information on temperature and relative humidity
Information on temperature and relative humidity is not available with any source. However, the temperature reaches upto 37 0 C during July to August and goes down to 10 0 C during the month of January. Similarly, relative humidity of the district varies from 70 % to 90%.
Demographic pattern
Total population of the district is 5,71,944 (as per 2001census) consisting of 2,94,643 male and 2,77,301 female population with the sex ratio of 941 females per thousand male which is higher than the state average of 935 females per thousand males. Out of the total population per cent of ST population is 47.29% and SC population is found 5.33% and rest are general population. The literacy per cent of the district is 64.48% which is higher than the state average of 63.25%. more over, male literacy rate is higher (74.41%) than the female literacy rate (53.51%). Total workers population is 250146 nos. out of which percentage of cultivators and agricultural labourers are 72.88% and 7.28% in the district.
Table 4 : Block wise demographic information of district
Blocks |
Population |
% of literacy |
Male (no.) |
Female (no.) |
Workers in No. |
Cast wise population |
Agril. |
Non-agril. |
Total |
SC |
ST |
G |
Dhemaji |
112939 |
63.57 |
57853 |
55086 |
3822 |
49560 |
53382 |
6468 |
40578 |
65893 |
Sissiborgaon |
160347 |
47.74 |
82626 |
77721 |
4810 |
75000 |
79810 |
10830 |
6922 |
80296 |
Machkhowa |
26657 |
59.87 |
13472 |
13185 |
800 |
13500 |
14300 |
1811 |
12026 |
12820 |
Bordoloni |
94898 |
57.88 |
46512 |
46383 |
2847 |
40800 |
43647 |
6084 |
88326 |
44488 |
MSTD Jonai |
143199 |
54.82 |
74138 |
69061 |
5929 |
53078 |
59007 |
3708 |
98977 |
40514 |
Total |
538040 |
57.26 |
274601 |
261439 |
18208 |
231938 |
250146 |
28901 |
265134 |
244011 |

Information in land use pattern
The total geographical area of the district is 3,01,311 ha, of which 78.69% are cultivable area. Cultivated area is 61.11% out of total cultivable area and 1.58% is still lying as culturable waste, which can be reclaimed and brought under cultivation. Area under forest is 10,324 ha, under non agricultural use is 35,719 ha and under miscellaneous plantation is 3559 ha. Similarly, a small area of 2975 ha is under pasture and 11622 ha area has been demarcated as barren waste land.
Table 5 : Information of land use pattern (area in ha)
Name of block
|
Geogra-phical area |
Cultivable area |
Culti-vated area |
Cultiva-ble waste |
Current fallow |
Forest |
Pasture |
Non agril. use |
Misc. plantation |
Barren waste land |
Bordoloni |
47428 |
38017 |
22835 |
6371 |
8811 |
723 |
- |
7823 |
568 |
297 |
Dhemaji |
40949 |
32018 |
18884 |
7297 |
5837 |
906 |
- |
5930 |
398 |
1697 |
Machkhowa |
16452 |
12472 |
9823 |
1110 |
1539 |
441 |
- |
1940 |
558 |
1040 |
Sissiborgaon |
93301 |
76034 |
44770 |
13102 |
18162 |
2392 |
863 |
10183 |
835 |
2994 |
MSTD Jonai |
103181 |
78571 |
48605 |
13811 |
16155 |
5862 |
2112 |
9843 |
1200 |
5594 |
Total |
301311 |
237112 |
144917 |
41691 |
50504 |
10324 |
2975 |
35719 |
3559 |
11622 |
Information on operational land holdings.
The total operational land holdings are 85,906 ha in the district and total cultivable area 1,44,917 ha. The average size of holding is 1.68ha. based on the size od land holdings, resource rich category farmers (vary large, large and medium) are 24.56% and they are holding 44.97% cultivable area. The resource poor category farmers are 75.44% and are holding 55.03% cultivable area. These data indicate that both costly and cheaper farm technology adopter are existed in the district hence these both can be promoted as per location specific needs.
Table 6: Block and category-wise information on operational land holdings
Name of block
|
Operational holdings (in No. and area in ha) |
Vary large (>4 ha) |
Large (3-4 ha) |
Medium (2-3 ha) |
Small (1-2 ha) |
Marginal (0.4-1 ha) |
Landless (<o.4ha) |
No. |
Area |
No. |
Area |
No. |
Area |
No. |
Area |
No. |
Area |
No. |
Area |
Bordoloni |
206 |
1133 |
1350 |
4023 |
1560 |
4368 |
4301 |
7956 |
4640 |
3712 |
1035 |
320 |
Machkhowa |
203 |
1117 |
560 |
1668 |
757 |
2120 |
2556 |
4729 |
1249 |
992 |
605 |
185 |
Sissiborgaon |
412 |
2266 |
1918 |
5716 |
2210 |
6188 |
6461 |
11953 |
6900 |
5520 |
1553 |
460 |
Dhemaji |
202 |
1111 |
1875 |
5587 |
2176 |
6093 |
4857 |
8985 |
4867 |
3894 |
1313 |
389 |
MSTD Jonai |
617 |
3393 |
3556 |
10590 |
3497 |
9791 |
11650 |
21553 |
10624 |
8449 |
2196 |
656 |
Total |
1640 |
9020 |
9259 |
27584 |
10200 |
28560 |
29825 |
55176 |
28280 |
22567 |
6702 |
2010 |
Information on textural classification of soils
The district lies on northern bank of the river Brahmaputra that extended up to Arunachal Pradesh. It has variety of soil types i.e clay, clay loam to sandy, silt deposited soils. The soils of riverrine tract are mostly unstable, soil that are away from the riverine side are stable an soil formation has been started. The alluvium derived soil near Brahmaputra are influenced by river and soils near foot hills are directly influenced by hills of Arunachal Pradesh and tributaries flowing from these hills. Out of the total geographical area, 9.08% area is of clay soil, 20.24% of clay loam, 4.42% of alluvial, 20.61% of sandy soil and 45.65% of sandy loam soil type.
Table 7: Information on type of soil existed in the district
Blocks
|
Clay |
Clay loam |
Alluvial soil |
Sandy soil |
Sandy loam |
Area |
% |
Area |
% |
Area |
% |
Area |
% |
Area |
% |
Dhemaji |
2047 |
5 |
8190 |
20 |
2457 |
6 |
10237 |
25 |
18018 |
44 |
Sissiborgaon |
6531 |
7 |
23325 |
25 |
4665 |
5 |
16797 |
18 |
41986 |
45 |
Machkhowa |
3290 |
20 |
4936 |
30 |
- |
- |
823 |
5 |
7403 |
45 |
Bordoloni |
- |
- |
14228 |
30 |
- |
- |
9486 |
20 |
23714 |
50 |
MSTD Jonai |
15478 |
15 |
10318 |
10 |
6191 |
6 |
24763 |
24 |
46431 |
45 |
Total |
27346 |
11.75 |
60997 |
23 |
13313 |
5.6 |
62106 |
18.4 |
137552 |
45.8 |
Information on problematic soil of district
The soils of the district are generally acidic in nature and mild in severity. Micronutrient deficiency especially of boron and molybdenum is found sever. Besides this, occurrence of flood is a regular phenomenon during the month of June to August/September every year with varying severity affecting human life, field crops, horticultural crops, livestock and fish tanks and various other infrastructures. Sand and silt deposition accompanied by soil erosion is also of common phenomenon along with the flood. Iron toxicity is also persisting mildly. The data indicates that due care have to be taken for correction of existing disorder by applying needed correctives and adoption of proper varieties/crops.
Table 8: Information on problematic soil in the district
Blocks
|
Extent of problem ( Area in ha and severity in terms of M/S/VS viz. “ 25% is mild, 25-50% is sever and >50% is very sever) |
Micronutrient deficiency |
Silt/Sand deposited areas |
Acidic |
Soil erosion |
Iron toxicity |
Area |
Severity |
Area |
Severity |
Area |
Severity |
Area |
Severity |
Area |
Severity |
Dhemaji |
2850 |
M |
2460 |
M |
4750 |
M |
7750 |
S |
3164 |
M |
Sissiborgaon |
3570 |
M |
5600 |
M |
6540 |
M |
16500 |
S |
5484 |
M |
Machkhowa |
950 |
M |
200 |
M |
1270 |
M |
2560 |
S |
158 |
M |
Bordoloni |
2520 |
M |
50 |
M |
3065 |
M |
8500 |
S |
316 |
M |
MSTD Jonai |
5760 |
M |
320 |
M |
8750 |
M |
40660 |
S |
13424 |
M |
Total |
15650 |
|
9630 |
|
24350 |
|
75970 |
|
22546 |
|
Information on irrigated and rain fed areas
The district has cultivated area of 1,44,917 ha, of which about 99.10% area is rain fed. Out of total five blocks, no one has major and medium sources of irrigation except two blocks viz. Dheaji and Sissiborgaon which has medium source of irrigation over 45 ha areas only. The total arrigated area in the district is 0.90%, which is spread over all five blocks. There is another weakness that whatsoever irrigation potential has been created in the district under various sources such as medium irrigation projects, shallow tube wells, tanks and ponds is not able to irrigate the projected area. This situation putting the cultivation of high value crops more risky and also limits the adoption of intensive cultivation
Table 9: Information on rainfed and irrigated areas with sources
Blocks |
Rainfed area (ha) |
% |
Irrigated area (P=Projected and A=Actual irrigated area) |
Medium |
STW |
Tank |
Pond |
P |
A |
% |
P |
A |
% |
P |
A |
% |
P |
A |
% |
Bordoloni |
20314 |
99.80 |
- |
- |
- |
40 |
32 |
80.00 |
- |
- |
- |
25 |
20 |
80.00 |
Machkhowa |
6977 |
99.86 |
- |
- |
- |
92 |
63 |
68.48 |
- |
- |
- |
15 |
12 |
80.00 |
Dhemaji |
16816 |
99.11 |
25 |
25 |
100 |
120 |
105 |
87.50 |
3 |
3 |
100 |
10 |
6 |
60.00 |
Sissiborgaon |
40270 |
98.78 |
20 |
20 |
100 |
503 |
425 |
84.49 |
4 |
4 |
100 |
18 |
13 |
72.20 |
MSTD Jonai |
42841 |
9957 |
- |
- |
- |
480 |
410 |
83.42 |
3 |
3 |
100 |
20 |
16 |
80.00 |
Total |
127218 |
99.09 |
45 |
45 |
100 |
1235 |
1035 |
83.81 |
10 |
10 |
100 |
88 |
67 |
76.13 |
|