Objectives: The main objectives of the center are
1. To develop location-specific water management technologies for increasing water- use efficiency under surface and groundwater irrigation commands
2. Economic use of irrigation water through pressurized irrigation system
3. To manage rainwater in high rainfall areas by way of in-situ conservation, and ex-situ storage and recycling of runoff water.
4. To promote adoption of water management technologies through adaptive trials in irrigation commands.
The findings of this centre are applicable in entire state of Assam and also in the plains, valleys and low altitude areas of the North-Eastern Region. Sub-tropical humid climate prevails in this region.
1 Garlic
In a drip irrigation system, it is recommended to use venturi manifold device as the fertilizer injector with pressure compensating emitter (discharge rate at 2 lph) in sandy loam soil for higher fertigation uniformity and higher crop yield in garlic. 2023
2 Rice (autumn)-green gram-broccoli
Drip Irrigation at 1.0 ETc and NPK fertigation through 75% RDF is suitable for rice (autumn)-green gram-broccoli cropping system in Assam 2022
3 Onion
It is recommended to use irrigation water at 1.20 ETc (3.84 litres /sq m per day) through drip irrigation system in onion. 2021
4 Autumn rice
Application of 5 cm irrigation at 15cm depletion of water from soil surface is recommended for autumn rice. For measurement of irrigation depth, equally perforated open plastic pipe as described under New IRRI technique of alternate wetting and drying may be installed in crop field. 2019
5 Broccoli
Broccoli crop can be grown under drip fertigation with irrigation scheduling at 1.00 EpR and fertilizer level either @ 100-80-60 kg N- P2O5-K2O/ha or 75 -60-45 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha + FYM (5 t/ha) + Panchagavya (50 lit/ha) for obtaining maximum head yield (88.97 -99.03q/ha), economic return (Rs 1.64 -2.01 lakh/ha) and B:C (3.36- 6.25). 2019
6 Makhana
Makhana crop (Gorgon nut; nikori ) can be grown under field method in wetland/Hullah/low land situation of Assam. Transplanting time 15 March to 15 April and spacing 125cm x 120cm are optimum with respects to seed yield (22.35-25.27q/ha), economic return (Rs 48,860.00-59,535.00/ha) , B:C (2.69- 3.05) and water productivity (0.804 – 0.870kg/m3) and can be recommended for the state. 2019
7 Rape and Mustard
Rapeseed crop intensification with improved irrigation management
Apply two irrigations of 4 cm depth at pre-flowering (20 DAS) and flowering (40 DAS) stages along with a spacing of 25 cm x 25 cm in toria 2019
8 Winter rice
In rainfed kharif rice, a bund height of 30 cm is optimum to retain rain water (upto 97.2 %) for higher yield (53.49q/ha) of rice as well as to conserve residual moisture for better yield of succeeding relay crops with net economic benefit Rs 60,824.00/ha . 2018
9 Potato
Partial root drying i.e. irrigating the furrow in irrigation event and keeping the same furrow un-irrigated in the next irrigation and vice versa for the succeeding irrigation is beneficial for potato crop under water scarce situation in terms of its tuber yield ( 16.45 q/ha), water use (450 mm) and economic returns ( Rs 76260.00/ha) 2018
10 Late sown yellow sarson
Two irrigations of 6 cm depth, one each at pre-flowering (25 DAS) and siliqua formation stage (50 DAS) recorded significantly higher seed yield than one irrigation (flowering/siliqua formation) and rainfed crop. 75-50-50 being at par with 60-40-40. 2018
11 Arsenic contaminated Ground water management
Low cost arsenic removal technology exploring the use of biochars prepared from locally available bio-wastes (rice straw and toria stover) and pyrolysed in a newly fabricated kiln has been developed for irrigated rice which resulted in reducing the arsenic entry in rice. 2018
12 Groundwater quality mapping for Jorhat district
Most of the quality parameters other than arsenic (As), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) were found within WHO permissible limits. Both arsenic and iron were extremely high and will need treatment for making it potable. 2018
1. 1. In rainfed kharif rice, height of bunds should be 30 cm to retain rain water for higher yield of rice as well as to conserve residual moisture for better yield of succeeding relay crops. -Included in PoP for kharif crop of Assam, 2021
2. Apply 5 cm irrigation at 15 cm depletion of water from soil surface -Included in PoP for rabi crop of Assam, 2021
3. Two irrigations of 4 cm depth should be applied at flowering (40 DAS) and at siliqua formation (60 DAS) stages -Included in PoP for rabi crop of Assam, 2021
4. Apply two irrigations of 4 cm depth at pre-flowering (20 DAS) and flowering (40 DAS) stages along with a spacing of 25 cm x 25 cm in toria -Included in PoP, 2023 for rabi crop of Assam
5. Planting of sugarcane setts in furrows and subsequently mulching the ridges with 50 micron plastic film. Furrows may be mulched with trash. -Included in PoP, 2019 for kharif crop of Assam
6. In aerobic rice, need to apply desired amount of irrigation water (about 5cm) at 75-80% available soil moisture (10-13 days interval) -Included in PoP, 2019 for kharif crop of Assam
7. Three irrigations of 6 cm depth during April, October and November with alternate furrow is recommended for sugarcane. Irrigation Method: Furrow -Included in PoP, 2019 for kharif crop of Assam
Year: 2018
i. Hazarika, P.P., Medhi, B. K., Thakuria. R.K.; Patgiri. D.K. and Deka. K. (2018). Characterization of grey water to assess its feasibility for irrigation. International Journal of Current Microbiology and applied sciences. 7 (10): 1056-1064
ii. Hazarika, P.P., Medhi, B.K., Thakuria. R.K., Patgiri. D.K. and Deka, K. (2018). Qualitative characterization for suitability assessment of residential grey water in terms of water quality index. International Journal of Chemical Studies. 6 (6): 284-292
iii. Hazarika, P.P., Medhi, B.K., Thakuria, R.K., Deka, K and Borah, R. (2018). Characterization of grey water to assess its feasibility for irrigation under different soil types and depths. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 8 (1): 587-592
Year: 2019
i. Hazrika, P.P., Medhi , B. K., Deka, K., Thakuria, R .K. and Bora, R. (2019). Characterization of grey water to assess its feasibility for irrigation under different soil types and depth. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phyto-chemistry, 8 (1): 587-592.
ii. Thakuria, I., Hazarika, P. P., Deka, K., Medhi, B.K., Rahman,N., Baruah, N and Baruah. S. (2019). GIS Aided Groundwater Quality Mapping of Central Brahmaputra Valley Zone of Assam, India. Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 34 (6): 1-14
Year: 2020:
i. Basumatary, D., Dutta, M., Karmaker, R.M., Deka, B and Kalita, P.(2020) Soil Site Suitability Assessment of Bumnoi-Mornoi Watershed of Kokrajhar district using RS and GIS techniques. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 9 (4): 155 -161
Year: 2021
i. B. Deka, B., Bharteey, P.K., Dutta, M., Patgiri, D. K. and Saikia, R (2021) Morphometric analysis of Moridhal watershed in Dhemaji District of Assam, India using remote sensing and Geographic Information System techniques. Desalination and Water Treatment, 242: 235–242.
ii. Borgohain, S., Deka, B., Dutta, M., Thakuria, R. K. and Patgiri, D. K. (2021) Geospatial assessment of water induced soil and nutrient erosion in Pabho watershed of Assam, India using USLE model. Journal of Environmental Biology, 42 (2): 406-413.
iii. Medhi, B.K., Hazarika, I. H., Hazarika, P. P., Thakuria, R. K. and Sanjay-Swami. (2021) Assessment of groundwater arsenic vulnerable zones using Geographic Information System for employing bio-char as soil amendment in irrigated rice ecosystem – A case study from Central Assam. Journal of Environmental Biology, 42 (2): 462-472.
iv. Deka, B., Dutta, M. and Patgiri, D. K. (2021) Productivity, potentiality and soil-site suitability evaluation for rice crop in the Ghiladhari watershed of Assam. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 20 (4).
Year: 2022
i. Dutta, M., Deka, B., Karmakar, R. M. and Kalita, P. (2022). Fertility Potential Classification of Soils of Tipukjan Watershed of Assam, India Using Principal Component Analysis. Scientist, 1 (3): 4913-4924. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo. 7527702.
ii. Bharteey, P. K., Deka, B., Dutta, M. and Patgiri, D. K. (2022) Productivity, potentiality and soil-site suitability evaluation for rice crop in the Moridhal watershed of Dhemaji district of Assam. Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, 53 (7) 8979-8994.
iii. Kalita, P., Thakuria, R. K., Deka, B. and Choudhary, H. (2022) Effect of varying drip irrigation levels and NPK fertigation on nutrient uptake, root characteristics, physiological behaiour and head quality of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. hysic) in warm humid climatic condition of Assam. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 11 (12): 563-569. 4913- 4924.
iv. Bharteey, P. K., Deka, B., Dutta, M., Saikia, R., Goswami, J., Yadav, R., Sarvajeet, Chejara,, S., Bahuguna, A. and Luthra, N. (2022) Soil – site suitability assessment of Moridhal watershed in Dhemaji district of Assam, India using remote sensing and GIS techniques. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 12: 95-104. Doi: 10.9734/IJECC/2022/v12i630692.
Year: 2023
i. Deka, B., Bhagawati, M., and Dutta, M. (2023). Effect of drip, fertigation and plastic mulching on growth and yield of cauliflower. Scientist 4 (4): 238-244. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7816669.
ii. Bharteey, P. K., Deka, B., Dutta, M., Goswami, J. and Saikia, R. (2023). Geospatial variability of soil physico-chemical properties of Moridhal watershed in Dhemaji district of Assam, India using Remote sensing and GIS. Annals of Plant and Soil Research 25 (1): 99-109.
i. Bharteey, P. K., Deka, B, and Dutta, M. (2019) Soil loss estimation using universal soil loss equation model in Modern Approaches in crop Improvement (ISBN 978-3-96492-111-6) edited by J. Singh, R. Nigam., A. Kumar., N. Kapoor and P. Tiwari and published by Weser Book, Germany
i. B. Deka (2021). Prospects of Using Drip and Fertigation in Tea crop, In ‘Seuj Soopan’, published by Assam Tea Corporation, pp 42-48.
ii. B. Deka and S. Saikia (2021) Enhancing Farmers Income through off Season Vegetable Cultivation, In Managing Land Degradation for Enhancing Farm Productivity (ISBN 978-81-94783-59-6) edited by P.R. Bhatnagar, D. Dinesh, Vijaysinha Kakade, V.C. Pande and Omprakash Meena and published by International Books & amp; Periodical Supply Service, Delhi pp 273-282.
iii. M. Dutta, R. M. Karmakar and B. Deka (2021) Soil-site Suitability Evaluation for Rainfed Crops in Tipukjan Watershed of Assam Using Remote Sensing & GIS Techniques, In Managing Land Degradation for Enhancing Farm Productivity (ISBN 978-81-94783- 59-6) edited by P.R. Bhatnagar, D. Dinesh, Vijaysinha Kakade, V.C. Pande and Omprakash Meena and published by International Books & amp; Periodical Supply Service, Delhi pp 29-48.
i. Kalita, P., Dutta, M., Dutta, S. and Deka, B. (2022) Microbes mediated mineral weathering and associated nutrient release. In Insight of Agricultural Sciences edt. By Singh, A., Patel, V. K., Ghosh, S., Das, A. and published by Bhumi Publishing India, Rajasthan.
i. Sarma, C. K. (2023) Pulse production in Rice fallow areas of Assam. In Sustainable Use of Bio-resources in North East India published by College of Agriculture, Jorhat, AAU, Jorhat-785013, Assam in April, 2023; page: 293-306.
ii. Deka, B. and Dutta, M. (2023) Soil Resources of North East India. In Sustainable Use of Bio-resources in North East India published by College of Agriculture, Jorhat, AAU, Jorhat-785013, Assam in April, 2023; page: 88-108.
iii. Baruah, B. J., Begum, M. Sarmah, B., Deka, B. Bhagawati, R., Paul, S. and Dutta, M., (2023) Precision irrigation management: A step toward sustainable agriculture. In Remote Sensing in Precision Agriculture: Transforming Scientific Advancement Into Innovationedt. By Lamine, S. Srivastava, P. K., Kayad, A., Mun˜oz-Arriola, F. and Pandey, P. C. published by Academic Press., Elsevier, 125 London Wall, London EC2Y 5AS, UK pp 189-204.
iv. Sarmah, B., Baruah, B. J., Dutta, M.,Begum, M. and Deka, B. (2023) Precision nutrient management for field and horticultural crops. In Remote Sensing in Precision Agriculture: Transforming Scientific Advancement Into Innovationedt. By Lamine, S. Srivastava, P. K. Kayad, A., Mun˜oz-Arriola, F. and Pandey, P. C. published by Academic Press., Elsevier, 125 London Wall, London EC2Y 5AS, UK pp 317-334.
v. Deka, B. (2023) Water management in Assam with special reference to crop production. In Sustainable Interventions for Resource Conservation and Natural Farming Edt. byMahanta, K., Kohli, A., Sharma, V., Arora, S. and Singh, A. K. published by Academy of Natural Resource Conservation and Management, Lucknow,pp 25-36.
vi. Book Chapter “Farmers’ income and agricultural practices” by C. K. Sarma in the book ‘Field crops of Assam” published by Dept. of Agronomy, AAU, Jorhat-785013 in 2023; page: 177-183
1. Popular articles in English: 18
i. “Use of Remote Sensing & GIS in population census” by Dr. B. Deka, Principal Scientist published in Souvenir of International Workshop on “Skill Development through Agricultural Technology in population Sciences” on 17th March, 2022.
ii. “Agriculture in Assam: At a Glance” by Dr. B. Deka, Principal Scientist published in Souvenir (‘Grantha Subhash’) of 2nd International Conference of Agricultural Librarian’s and Users Community on 28th April, 2022.
iii. “Making Farming Remunerative” by Dr. C. K. Sarma, Chief Scientist, AICRPIWM, AAU, Jorhat centre, published in English daily ‘The Assam Tribune’ on 15th November, 2022
iv. “Healthy Soil for Healthy Food” by Dr. C. K. Sarma, Chief Scientist, AICRPIWM, AAU, Jorhat centre, published in English daily ‘The Assam Tribune’ on 5th December, 2022
v. “Rain can be the gain” Er. K. Choudhury, Jr. Scientist, AICRPIWM, AAU, Jorhat centre, published in English daily ‘The Assam Tribune’ on 9th December, 2022.
i. Utilizing rice fallow for pulses” by Dr. C. K. Sarma, published in English daily ‘The Assam Tribune’ on 17th January, 2023.
ii. “Use of Artificial Intelligence in agriculture” by Dr. B. Deka, published in the Souvenir cum Technical Volume of 19th Foundation Day of Senior Engineers Forum-NER, Guwahati, February 20, 2023.
iii. “Drip Irrigation: Need of the hour in Assam” by Er. KabyasreeChoudhury, published in English daily ‘The Assam Tribune’ on 17th March, 2023.
iv. “How to attract youth towards agriculture” by Dr. C. K. Sarma, published in English daily ‘The Assam Tribune’ on 11thApril, 2023.
v. “Building climate resilience in agriculture” by Dr. C. K. Sarma, published in English daily ‘The Assam Tribune’ on 25th May, 2023
vi. ‘Drawing farmers towards micro irrigation’ by Dr. C. K. Sarma, published in English daily ‘The Assam Tribune’ on 23 August, 2023
vii. ‘A drop harvested is a crop harvested’ by Dr. C. K. Sarma, published in English daily ‘The Assam Tribune’ on 6 November, 2023.
viii. ‘Soil and Water: sustaining life’ by Dr. C. K. Sarma, published in English daily ‘The Assam Tribune’ on 5 December, 2023
ix. “Up-scaling micro-irrigation in Assam” by Dr. C. K. Sarma, published in the Centenary Souvenir , AAU- Assam Rice Research Institute, Assam Agricultural University, Titabor, Assam, 2023; page: 88.
x. “Use of Remote Sensing & GIS in Land suitability evaluation of Rice crop” by Dr. B. Deka, published in the Centenary Souvenir, AAU- Assam Rice Research Institute, Assam Agricultural University, Titabor, Assam, 2023.
xi. “Water smart climate resilient technology” by Dr. C. K. Sarma, published in the Souvenir, 8th International Agri-Horti Show-2023 organized by Dept. of Agriculture, Govt. of Assam held from December 16-18, 2023.
xii. “Glimpses of Assam Agriculture” by Dr. B. Deka, published in the Souvenir, 8th International Agri-Horti Show 2023 organized by Dept. of Agriculture, Govt. of Assam held from December 16-18, 2023.
xiii. “Problem and prospects of water management in natural farming systems” by Dr. B. Deka, published in the “Compendium of lectures” of 10 days training programme on “Problems and prospects of natural farming for sustainable ecological balance” organized by AAU, Jorhat during December, 2023.
2. Popular articles in regional language
Year: 2020
i. Biswa Bhumi Divas’- Ganastambha (Weekly paper), on 5thDec, 2020.
ii. Thakuria, R.K (2020), Krishakar Unnayanar Prasangere Farm Bill 2020 (Farm bill 2020 in the interest of farmers), The Niyamiya Barta, 10th Dec , published from Guwahati.
iii. Krishi Sanskar Ain: EtiAwalokon’ (An article on Agriculture Bill)-Ganastambha (Weekly paper), - 1 on 12thDec, 2020.
i. ‘Biswa Jal Divas’- by B. Deka, In ‘Asomiya Pratidin’ on 22nd March, 2021. Published from Guwahati.
ii. ‘Seuj Grihat Pacholir Kheti’ by B. Deka,In ‘Basundhara’ on 23rd February, 2021. Published from Jorhat.
iii. ‘Biswa Bhumi Divas’- by B. Deka, In ‘Asomiya Pratidin’ on 5th December, 2021.
iv. ‘Jalasinchanar Prayojoniata Aru Prayog Bidhi’ by B. Deka, In ‘Training Manual for Input Dealers’ Published from Jorhat.
i. “Udyan Sasyar Babe Drip Jolosinchan” by Dr. B. Deka, Principal Scientist published in Souvenir (‘Udyan Jeuti’) of Assam Horticultural Society, on 2nd November, 2022.
ii. “Matikei Sawati Dhari, Maatikei Sarathi Kori” by Dr. B. Deka, Principal Scientist published in Souvenir (‘Fasal’) of 7th Assam-International Agri-Horti Show-2022 on 17th December, 2022.
i. “Jolosongkotor Bipodghonta Aru Kormopontha” by Dr. B. Deka, published in Assamese daily ‘NiyomiaBarta’ on 21st March, 2023.
ii. “Nai Koto Pani, Ase Matho Sokupani” by Dr. B. Deka, published in Assamese daily ‘Asomiya Pratidin’ on the occasion of World Water Day (22nd March, 2023).
iii. “Prajuktir Bordan Aru Bharotor Joygan” by Dr. B. Deka, published in Assamese daily ‘Asomiya Pratidin’ on the occasion of World Technology Day (11th May, 2023).
iv. “Bigyan Prajukti Aru Bharotor Sapholya” by Dr. B. Deka, published in Assamese daily ‘Niyomia Barta’ on the occasion of World Technology Day (11th May, 2023).
Moreover, this technology helped in promoting double cropping by utilizing Rice (kharif) – fallow areas as the effect of irrigation water in Toria crop is very much visible and double cropping helped in enhancing farmer’s income in the district. With monocropping of Rice, net income was only Rs. 4292.00 per ha while with Rice – Toria cropping sequence farmers net income increased to Rs. 21,792 per ha in 2017-18, Rs. 22,369 per ha in 2018-19 and Rs. 23,992.00 per ha in 2019-20. This technology is now popular in some major Toria growing districts of Assam where STW facilities are available.
Farmers’ feedback
i. Farmers gave positive feedback about the irrigation management technology in Toria as they realized the need of irrigation water at critical stage especially, when sowing of Toria is done during last week of November to 1st week of December.
ii. Farmers also showed positive response in adopting the technology as it enabled them to promote double cropping through utilization of Rice – fallow. However, they need some easy method to quantify the irrigation water as measurement of 6 cm irrigation with the present method may be difficult for illiterate or less educated people in rural areas.
A. Published a story of successful cultivation of autumn rice through diversion based irrigation water during covid-19 pandemic in Golaghat district of Assam
Media highlighted how a group of educated people started agricultural project “Lakhimi Juri” in 5.0 ha area in Bokakhat sub-division of Golaghat district for growing more than one crop in a year by utilizing the water of a stream “Lakhimi Juri” flowing from the hill of Karbi Anglong.
A. Linkages with State departments of Agriculture/irrigation/soil conservation
a. Collaboration with Department of Agriculture and Horticulture, Govt. of Assam for recommendation of technologies and inclusion in Package of Practices for Assam
b. Collaboration with SLNA, Dept. of Soil Conservation, Govt. of Assam for Land Resource Inventory of Micro-Watershed in three districts
c. The centre developed good linkages with the Department of Irrigation, Govt. of Assam for Water Quality Analysis.
d. Acquired research project sponsored by Govt. of Assam in 2022.
B. Linkages with other Govt. Agencies
a. Collaboration with NERIWALM (North Eastern Regional Institute of Water and Land Management) was strengthened by signing MoU between the AAU and NERIWALM.
b. Collaboration with SLNA, Dept. of Agriculture, Govt. of Tripura for Land Resource Inventory of Micro-Watershed in two districts
c. Collaboration with North East Space Application Centres, Umium, Meghalaya for Remote Sensing and GIS related activities.
d. Collaboration with College of Horticulture and Forestry, CAU, Pasighat, Arunachal for capacity building activities
e. Collaboration with Assam Science Technology and Environment Council – Acquired research project sponsored by ASTEC (Assam Science Technology and Environment Council) in 2020.
f. Collaboration with Doordarshan Kendra and All India Radio of Guwahati, Jorhat and Dibrugarh for dissemination of different technologies.
g. Linkage with CGWB and CWC, Dept. of Irrigation, Dept. of Water Resources, Govt. of Assam for different information for preparation of water budget for the state of Assam
h. Collaboration with ISRO - Acquired research project sponsored by ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) in 2019.
C. Linkage with KVKs of Assam
a. Collaboration with Krishi Vigyan Kendras of Assam for technology transfer and organizing multi-locational trial, On Farm Research as well as Front Line Demonstration
b. Collaboration with Krishi Vigyan Kendras of Assam for capacity building activities
Sustainable agriculture
i. All the technologies on irrigation water management increase productivity of crops, and enhance water use efficiency, resulting in rise in farmers’ income as well as water saving. So it helps in efficient utilization water resources without endangering water resource base for future generation.
ii. Technologies related to rain water management reduces over dependence on either surface or ground water because there is also possibility of depletion of ground water table in future. It helps in conserving our water resources
iii. Irrigation water management technologies enhance the use efficiencies of other inputs of Agriculture, thereby curtailing the use and cost of nutrients and other inputs. It directly helps in preventing degradation of soil and aerial environment due to overdose and loss of nutrients and reduces energy requirement for the production system.
Livelihood security
i. Technologies generated from the AICRP-IWM project help in increasing crop productivity and farmers’ income. So many farmers take up agriculture in commercial scale as a source of livelihood
ii. Irrigation water management technologies enhance the input use efficiency in crops and thereby, reduce cost of production and raise farmers’ profit.
iii. With the technological knowledge on drip irrigation, many farmers started cultivation of high value crops like straw berry etc. in commercial scale and could earn higher income
iv. Commercial vegetable cultivation is started with irrigation management technologies for livelihood security.
Policy decision
i. Government can take policy decision to incorporate water management technologies as important component of technology demonstration. It will improve the productivity and water use efficiency of the crop and will also encourage horizontal expansion of the technology.
ii. Assam receives average annual rainfall more than 2000 mm and so, conservation and sustainable use of rain water should be the motto of all crop production programmes of the state. Technologies generated from the AICRP-IWM centre for conservation of rain water in crop production system may be taken for policy consideration.
iii. Govt. has been trying hard to promote micro-irrigation technology in the state for last few years but the progress is very slow. Technologies generated by the AICRP-IWM centre related to drip irrigation may encourage Govt. agencies to promote new technologies in the farmer’s field.
iv. Ground water quality mapping is done for a few districts of Assam. Based on the findings of the research programme, Govt. can identify the areas for irrigation water suitability as well as areas for domestic uses and take policy decision to establish new project.